معمل الالكترونيات الحيوية والقياسات

يهدف المعمل الى اكساب الطالب المهارات العملية في التعامل مع الالكترونيات الحيوية من حيث التصميم والمحاكاة وتتبع الاخطاء.

المواد التي تدرس في المعمل :

معمل الكترونيات بيو طبية 1 لطلاب المستوى الثالث

معمل الكترونيات بيو طبية 2 لطلاب المستوى الثالث

 اسماء لوحات التجارب الموجودة بالمعمل :

1- لوحة التجارب الخاصة باكتساب ومعالجة الاشارة الحيوية

2- لوحة التجارب الخاصة بالرسم البياني

3- لوحة التجارب الخاصة بالعلاج الطبيعي والاشارات المحفزة

4- لوحة التجارب الخاصة بمحولات الطاقة الحيوية

5- لوحة التجارب الخاصة بالالياف الضوئية والالكترونيات الضوئية

6- لوحة التجارب الخاصة بمقاييس نسبة التنفس

 

 1- لوحة التجارب الخاصة باكتساب ومعالجة الاشارة الحيوية

TESTING MODULEFOR ACQUISITIONAND PROCESSING OFBIOMEDICAL SIGNALS :

The detection and interpretation of signals coming from thehuman body is certainly one of the most important aspectin the sector of biomedical instruments. These signals aredetected by appropriate transducers and enable to diagnosethe functioning of the various organs in the human body.The circuits under examination are parts of equipment usedin cardiology, surgery, neurology, medicine and intensive care. The module enables the basic study and application ofbiomedical signals and their processing.

TRAINING PROGRAM:

• ECG signals

• Electrodes for ECG signals

• Amplifi cation and fi ltering of ECG signals

• Common-mode noise rejection

• Noise and artefacts

• Safety power supply units and insulation circuits

• Detecting the connection failure of electrodes (Lead-fail detection)

• Electrical protection for the input lines of electrodes

• EEG signals and amplifi cation

• EMG signals and amplifi cation

• Galvanic insulation (photo decoupling) between patient and instruments’ references

• Signal calibration before acquisition

 

 2- لوحة التجارب الخاصة بالرسم البياني

TESTING MODULE FOR PEN RECORDERS:

Most biomedical instruments include a printing unit to provide users with the data resulting from the detectionof physiological parameters or from other measurements carried out on patients. Generally this information consists  electroencephalogram, electromyography, etcof the graphic representation concerning electrocardiogram. The printing instruments used for this operation are calledPEN RECORDERS. But the application of microprocessor units enables a lot of instruments of recent design to use digital recorders almost exclusively, consequently the printing unit is included in most biomedical instruments. Studying this section is very important to know the operating principles,the signals and the typical electronic equipment used. This module is designed to study and apply the basics of graphic recording used in biomedical equipment.

TRAINING PROGRAM:

• Printing of biomedical signals

• Pen recorders

• Structure of a thermal printer

• Printing onto roll chart

• Roll feeding unit

• Printing system

• Interface to microprocessor

• Checking signals

 

 3- لوحة التجارب الخاصة بالعلاج الطبيعي والاشارات المحفزة

TESTING MODULE FOR PHYSIOTHERAPY AND STIMULATION SIGNALS :

Aim of this module consists in analyzing the circuits and instruments used when specifi c organs of the body must be stimulated. Most apparatuses adopting these techniques are included in the biomedical instruments typically used in the fi elds of physiotherapeutic medicine and of limbs rehabilitation and reeducation after long immobility periods.

This module examines the following topics:

• Basic circuits of defi brillators  (production of special high/low intensity shocks applied to patients’ heart), used also in pathophysiology in case of particular heart dysfunctions to be corrected.

• Instruments for electrostimulation: equipment used for therapeutical treatments based on excitation through electronic stimulation of nervous tissues and muscles, or for anaesthetic effects.

• Instruments of magnetotherapy based on the application of low frequency and intensity signals to obtain therapeutic effects in case of sprains, arthrosis and arthritis, sinusitis, ulcers, lancet wounds, etc…

• Ultrasound instruments: based on ultrasound energy generated by the oscillations of quartz transducers at particular frequencies above audible sounds. The therapeutical effects of ultrasounds regard the temperature increase in tissues and cavities, for example, for the microcirculation of gas bubbles in tissues.

TRAINING PROGRAM: 

• Charging/discharging electrical energy

• Storing energy

• Hand check

• Synchronization with ECG

 

 4- لوحة التجارب الخاصة بمحولات الطاقة

TESTING MODULE FOR TRANSDUCERS IN MEDICINE:

The measurement of physiological variables is very important in both diagnosis and therapy; this has led to a continuous evolution of sensors and transducers and of the procedures for using recorded information. Among these instruments, sensors and transducers of temperature, flow and of pressure have become particularly important; they provide an analog electric input that indicates the physical variables detected in different physiological instruments. But the effective use of this electrical information requires some system of electronic interface for connecting transducers with instruments: these circuits are commonly defined “signal conditioners” and they provide an output with voltage variable value in standard ranges not depending on sensor type. The fi rst part of the circuit enables to measure the different sensors, whereas the second part provides a standard output voltage in a variable range, usually between 0 and +8 Vdc or 10 Vdc, that is the best range to be used by the corresponding process instruments. The module enables to study and apply the basics of transducers used in biomedical equipment.

TRAINING PROGRAM: 

• Signal conditioners

• Temperature transducers

- Measurement and accuracy range

- Stability

-Characteristics of temperature / resistance of PTCO

• Pressure transducers

- Systolic and diastolic blood pressure

- Measurement of blood pressure

- Bernoulli effect

- Piezoelectric sensors

- Measurement bridges

• Measurement of respiration

- FVC, PEF, PIF, RV, FEV parameters

- Volume – fl ow rate diagram

- Flow rate sensors

- Thermistor Sensors

5- لوحة التجارب الخاصة بالالياف الضوئية والالكترونيات الضوئية

TESTING MODULE FOR OPTICAL FIBERSAND OPTOELECTRONICCOMPONENTS :

The applications of optoelectronic devices in medicine are very wide. A lot of instruments of analysis laboratory operate on the basis of the different light absorption capacity of an analyzed substance or solution, according to the various constituent substances. It is possible to determine their concentration by induced or automatic procedures. The instrumentsapplying these principles are photometers, colorimeters and spectrophotometers. Moreover, optical fi bers are used in endoscopes, in devices forlighting internal organs and tissues, and in other applications where fi bers are used to transfer signals (ECG, EEG, …) with complete electronic decoupling. The module enables to study and apply the basics of opticalfibers and optoelectronic components used in biomedicalequipment

TRAINING PROGRAM: 

 

• Light radiation and measurement of its intensity

• Optoelectronic devices: LED (Light Emitting Diodes), liquid crystals and laser

• Optoelectronic photodetectors

• Opto-coupling systems

• Light and measurement transducers

• Optical fi bers

• Light transmission on optical fi bers

 

6- لوحة التجارب الخاصة بمقاييس نسبة التنفس

 

TESTING MODULE FOR PHOTOPLETHYSMOMETERAND MEASUREMENT OFRESPIRATION FREQUENCY:

The module enables to acquire the cardiac rhythm by using apair of optical transceiver transducers.As the patient introduces a fi nger in the optical path, the cardiacrhythm is automatically recorded and displayed on a two-digitscreen. It is also possible to record the respiratory rhythm ina non-invasive way by using a temperature transducer placedbefore the patient’s mouth. The minimum and maximum valuescan be set as parameters in the acquisition section to detectalarm situations (MIN-MAX interval).

TRAINING PROGRAM: 

• The circulatory system

• The respiratory system

• Transducers and actuators

• Immunity to radiative noises

• Event counter with time delays

• Filters and amplifi cation

• Comparing the frequency of measured events (heartbeat and respiratory acts)

• Thresholds, intervals and min./max. limits

• Thresholds and alarms

• Display

 

مهندس المعمل: م. فواز حبيب